Kidney Stones
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Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard mineral and salt deposits that form inside the kidneys. They develop when urine becomes concentrated, allowing minerals to crystallize and stick together.
These stones can vary in size and may pass unnoticed or cause significant pain if they obstruct the urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common urological condition and can affect people of all ages, though recurrence is higher in individuals with certain risk factors.
the most common type, often caused by high oxalate intake
commonly seen in people with high purine diets or dehydration
typically form in response to urinary tract infections
rare and related to a genetic disorder
composed of more than one substance
You should seek medical attention if you experience:
to detect blood, crystals, or signs of infection
to assess the structure, size, and condition of the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding urinary tract
(the gold standard for stone detection)
for certain types of stones
(for passed stones) to determine composition
for recurrent stone formers
They form when there’s a high concentration of stone-forming substances in urine, like calcium, oxalate, or uric acid—combined with low fluid intake or dietary factors.
Yes. Staying well-hydrated, moderating salt and oxalate-rich foods, and correcting underlying metabolic issues can help prevent recurrence.
No. Many small stones pass on their own with adequate hydration and pain management. Larger or obstructive stones may require intervention.
Depending on size and location: medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) may be advised.
It can be. Many patients experience recurrent stones, making preventive strategies and regular monitoring essential.
While not always life-threatening, untreated stones can lead to infection, kidney damage, or obstruction of urine flow, requiring urgent care.